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Paul Muni (born Frederich Meshilem Meier Weisenfreund; September 22, 1895 – August 25, 1967) was an American stage and film actor who was born in Lemberg (Austro-Hungarian Empire) and grew up in Chicago. He started his acting career in the Yiddish theatre. During the 1930s, he was considered one of the most prestigious actors at Warner Brothers studios, and was given the rare privilege of choosing which parts he wanted. His acting quality, usually playing a powerful character, such as the lead in ''Scarface'' (1932), was partly a result of his intense preparation for his parts, often immersing himself in study of the real character's traits and mannerisms. He was also highly skilled in using makeup techniques, a talent he learned from his parents, who were also actors, and from his early years on stage with the Yiddish Theater in Chicago. At the age of 12, he played the stage role of an 80-year-old man; in one of his films, ''Seven Faces,'' he played seven different characters. He made 25 films and won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in the 1936 film ''The Story of Louis Pasteur''. He also starred in numerous Broadway plays and won the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play for his role in the 1955 production of ''Inherit the Wind''. == Early life and career == His Hebrew name was Meshiliem; he was also called Frederich Meier Weisenfreund, born to a Jewish family in Lemberg, Galicia, a province of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. (It is now Lviv, Ukraine (formerly Lwów, Poland between the World Wars). His parents were Salli and Phillip Weisenfreund.〔https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/49941616/〕 He learned Yiddish as his first language. When he was seven, he emigrated with his family to the United States in 1902; they settled in Chicago. As a boy, he was known as "Moony".〔(Jacob, ''A Life on the Stage: A Memoir'' ), translated and with commentary by Lulla Rosenfeld, Knopf, New York, 1999, ISBN 0-679-41351-0. Note on p 377: "... Muni Weisenfreund, now Paul Muni".〕 He started his acting career in the Yiddish theatre in Chicago with his parents, who were both actors. As a teenager, he developed a skill in creating makeup, which enabled him to play much older characters.〔''International Dictionary of Actors and Actresses'' - Actors and Actresses'', 3rd Ed., St. James Press, 1997, pp. 858-859〕 Film historian Robert Osborne notes that Muni's makeup skills were so creative, that for most of his roles, "he transformed his appearance so completely, he was dubbed 'the New Lon Chaney.'"〔 In his first stage role at the age of 12, Muni played the role of an 80-year-old man.〔Osborne, Robert; Miller, Frank. ''Leading Men: The 50 Most Unforgettable Actors of the Studio Era'', Chronicle Books, 2006, pp. 153-155〕 He was quickly recognized by Maurice Schwartz, who signed him up with his Yiddish Art Theater. Edward G. Robinson and Paul Muni were cousins to Charles M. Fritz, who was a notable actor during the Great Depression. A 1925 ''New York Times'' article singled out his and Sam Kasten's performances at the People's Theater as among the highlights of that year's Yiddish theater season, describing them as second only to Ludwig Satz. Muni began acting on Broadway in 1926. His first role was that of an elderly Jewish man in the play ''We Americans'', written by playwrights Max Siegel and Milton Herbert Gropper. It was the first time that he ever acted in English. In 1921, he married Bella Finkel (February 8, 1898 – October 1, 1971), an actress in the Yiddish theatre. They remained married until Muni's death in 1967. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Paul Muni」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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